What concept refers to the inability to see a problem from a new perspective?

• A. Functional Fixedness
• B. Confirmation Bias
• C. Anchoring Effect
• D. Cognitive Dissonance

Answer: (A)

Functional fixedness is the concept that describes the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, particularly in the context of problem-solving and creativity. This cognitive bias occurs when individuals are unable to use an object in a way that is different from its traditional or intended use. For example, if someone is trying to solve a problem and can only think of tools as being used for their conventional purposes, they may miss out on innovative solutions that require thinking outside of those constraints. This fixed perspective limits problem-solving abilities, as the individual may overlook alternative uses or approaches that could lead to a solution.

The other options represent different cognitive biases that do not specifically relate to the inability to see a problem from a new perspective. Confirmation bias involves favoring information that confirms one's existing beliefs, while the anchoring effect pertains to reliance on initial information when making decisions. Cognitive dissonance refers to the mental discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or values. Each of these concepts highlights different aspects of human cognition but does not directly address the challenge of seeing a problem from a fresh viewpoint like functional fixedness does.