Which research design allows for the comparison of alcohol consumption between heterosexual and same-sex married individuals?

• A. Longitudinal study
• B. Cross-sectional study
• C. Experimental study
• D. Comparative study

Answer: (D)

The correct choice is a comparative study because this research design specifically focuses on examining differences between two or more distinct groups—in this case, heterosexual and same-sex married individuals—regarding a certain variable, which is alcohol consumption. A comparative study allows researchers to directly compare the levels of alcohol consumption in these different groups to identify any potential differences and trends. It can include various forms of data collection and analysis to assess how the two groups behave or respond in relation to the variable of interest.

Other designs, such as longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, may also gather data on alcohol consumption, but they are not primarily focused on comparing groups. A longitudinal study tracks the same individuals over time, which can provide insights into changes in alcohol consumption within the same group rather than direct comparisons between groups. A cross-sectional study collects data at a single point in time across different populations but does not inherently emphasize a comparison of the two distinct demographic groups the same way a comparative study does. An experimental study involves manipulation of variables and random assignment, which might not be suitable for comparing pre-existing groups such as heterosexual and same-sex married individuals.