Which theory suggests that motivation is influenced by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs?

• A. Maslow's hierarchy of needs
• B. Self-determination theory
• C. Drive reduction theory
• D. Social learning theory

Answer: (C)

Drive reduction theory posits that motivation arises from the need to fulfill biological requirements and reduce internal tension resulting from unmet needs. This theory emphasizes that when an individual experiences a need—such as hunger, thirst, or the necessity for warmth—there is an associated internal tension or discomfort. Consequently, individuals are motivated to engage in specific behaviors that will alleviate this discomfort by satisfying those needs. For instance, when someone feels hungry, the drive to seek food emerges, and eating ultimately reduces that drive, leading to a sense of satisfaction.

The central concept in drive reduction theory is that behaviors are motivated by the desire to maintain homeostasis or balance within the body. Thus, any deviation from the body's set points of needs creates tension, which motivates actions aimed at restoring these necessary conditions. This can manifest in various ways, such as seeking food when hungry or drinking water when dehydrated.

In contrast, the other theories mentioned offer different perspectives on motivation. For example, Maslow's hierarchy focuses on a broader range of human needs arranged in a hierarchy, where individuals progress through fulfilling various physiological and psychological needs. Self-determination theory emphasizes intrinsic and extrinsic motivation without focusing on biological tensions. Social learning theory highlights the role of observation and modeling in learning behaviors rather than